Modeling electromagnetic propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide.

The ionosphere plays a role in radio propagation that varies strongly with frequency. At extremely low frequency (ELF: 3-3000 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF: 3-30 kHz), the ground and the ionosphere are good electrical conductors and form a spherical Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Many giants of the e...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation 48, 9 (2000).
1. Verfasser:	Cummer, S.A
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	English
Schlagworte:	ELF-VLF propagation. Earth-ionosphere waveguide. FDTD. Approximate analytical formulations. Earthquake precursor detection. Electromagnetic propagation modeling. Evanescent modes. Extremely low frequency. Finite-difference time-domain. Global climate monitoring. Ionospheric remote sensing. Ionospheric upper boundary. Lightning radiation. Lightning remote sensing. Numerical analysis. Post-discharge ionospheric currents. Radio propagation. Spherical Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Very low frequency. Waveguide mode theory.