Humanity an introduction to cultural anthropology - Peoples, James G.; Bailey, Garrick Alan (Stamford, CT Cengage Learning, 2017)
1. The Study of humanity -- Subfields of anthropology -- Biological/physical anthropology -- Archaeology -- Cultural anthropology -- Anthropological linguistics -- Applications of anthropology -- Applied anthropology -- Careers in anthropology -- Cultural anthropology today -- Anthropological perspectives on cultures -- Holistic perspective -- Comparative perspective -- Relativistic perspective -- Some lessons of anthropology -- Concept review primary interests of the five subfields of anthropology -- Global challenges and opportunities the process of globalization -- Summary -- pt. I Humanity, culture, and language -- 2. Culture -- Introducing culture -- Defining culture -- Shared... -- ... Socially learned... -- ... Knowledge... -- ... and patterns of behavior -- Cultural knowledge -- Norms -- Values -- Symbols -- Classifications and constructions of reality -- Worldviews -- The origins of culture -- Culture and human life -- Cultural knowledge and individual behavior -- Is behavior culturally determined? -- Why does behavior vary? -- Biology and cultural differences -- Cultural universals -- Global challenges and opportunities is everyone becoming a Westerner? -- Concept review components of cultural knowledge -- Summary -- 3. Culture and language -- Language and humanity -- The power of language -- Discreteness -- Arbitrariness -- Productivity -- Displacement -- Multimedia potential -- How language works -- Sound systems -- Words and meanings -- Germanics, Romantics, and Indian givers -- Communication and social behavior -- Nonverbal communication -- Speech and social context -- The language of power -- Language and culture -- Language as a reflection of culture -- Language, perceptions, and worldview -- Concept review five properties of language -- Global challenges and opportunities globalization and language -- Summary -- 4. Cultural diversity and globalization -- Cultural change and diversity -- The world before globalization -- Globalization -- Early European expansion -- The Americas -- Africa -- Asia -- Cultural consequences -- The Industrial revolution -- Asia -- Africa -- Oceania -- Consequences of European expansion -- Global challenges and opportunities the maroons: The New African peoples of the Americas -- Summary -- pt. II Theories and methods of cultural anthropology -- 5. The development of anthropological thought -- The Emergence of anthropology -- Late-nineteenth-century unilineal evolutionism -- A Science of culture? -- Anthropological thought in the early twentieth century -- Historical particularism in the United States (ca. 1900 -- 1940) -- British functionalism, 1920s -- 1960s -- The Fieldwork tradition -- Mid -- Twentieth century: rebirth of evolutionism -- Anthropological thought today -- Scientific approaches -- Humanistic approaches -- Either, or, or both? -- Why can't all those anthropologists agree? -- Global challenges and opportunities global anthropology -- Concept review main contrasts between scientific and humanistic approaches -- Summary -- 6. Methods of investigation -- Ethnographic methods -- Ethnographic fieldwork -- Problems and issues in field research -- Fieldwork as a rite of passage -- Ethnohistory -- Comparative methods -- Cross-cultural comparisons -- Controlled comparisons -- Global challenges and opportunities the changing relationship between anthropologists and indigenous peoples -- Concept review methods of investigation -- Summary -- pt. III The diversity of culture -- 7. Culture and nature: interacting with the environment -- Understanding interactions with nature -- Hunting and gathering -- Foraging and culture -- What happened to hunters and gatherers? -- Domestication of plants and animals -- Origins of domestication: wheres and whens -- Advantages and costs of cultivation -- Horticulture -- Varieties of horticulture -- Cultural consequences of horticulture -- Intensive agriculture -- Varieties of intensive agriculture -- Cultural consequences of intensive agriculture -- Pastoralism -- Nature and culture in preindustrial times -- Industrialism -- Energy and society -- Consequences of industrialism -- Globalization and the environment -- Concept review major forms of preindustrial adaptations and their cultural consequences -- Global challenges and opportunities who should pay to reduce global warming? -- Summary -- 8. Exchange in economic systems -- Economic systems -- Reciprocity -- Generalized reciprocity -- Balanced reciprocity -- Negative reciprocity -- Reciprocity and social distance -- Redistribution -- Market -- Money -- Market exchange -- Market economies and capitalism -- Productivity -- Globalization and markets -- Concept review three forms of exchange in economic systems -- Global challenges and opportunities globalization of indigenous products -- Summary -- 9. Marriages and families -- Some definitions -- Incest taboos -- Marriage -- Defining marriage -- Functions of marriage -- Two unusual forms -- Variations in marriage beliefs and practices -- Marriage rules -- How many spouses? -- Polygyny -- Polyandry -- Marriage alliances -- Marital exchanges -- Bridewealth -- Brideservice -- Dowry -- Same-sex marriage and the culture wars -- Postmarital residence patterns -- Influences on residence patterns -- Residence and households -- Kinship diagrams -- Family and household forms -- Matrifocal households -- Extended households -- Concept review terms for groups formed on the basis of kinship relationships -- Global challenges and opportunities marriage and family in global society: the case of Japan -- Summary -- 10. Kinship and descent -- Introducing kinship -- Why study kinship? -- Cultural variations in kinship -- Unilineal descent -- Unilineal descent groups -- Descent groups in action -- Avunculocality revisited -- Nonunilineal descent -- Bilateral -- Cognatic -- Influences on kinship systems -- Cultural construction of kinship -- Logic of cultural constructions -- Varieties of kinship terminology -- Why do terminologies differ? -- Where's our backbone? -- Global challenges and opportunities patrilineality and globalization in China -- Concept review forms of descent and kinship -- Summary -- 11. Gender in comparative perspective -- Sex and gender -- Cultural construction of gender -- The Hua of Papua New Guinea -- North American constructions -- Multiple-gender identities -- Native American two spirits -- Hijra of Hindu India -- The gendered division of labor -- Understanding major patterns -- Fertility maintenance -- Reproductive roles -- Relative strength -- Compatibility with child care -- Understanding variability -- Gender stratification -- Is gender stratification universal? -- Influences on gender stratification -- Descent and postmarital residence -- Gender stratification in industrial societies -- Concept review female/male differences affecting major patterns in the gendered division of labor -- Global challenges and opportunities bridal photos in Taiwan: Globalization and localization -- Summary -- 12. The Organization of political life -- Forms of political organization -- Bands -- Concept review political organization -- Tribes -- Chiefdoms -- States -- Inca Empire -- Social control and law -- Social control -- Law -- Legal systems -- Self-help systems -- Court systems -- Incipient court systems -- Courts of mediation -- Courts of regulation -- Global challenges and opportunities multinational corporations versus the nation-state -- Concept review legal systems -- Summary -- 13. Social inequality and stratification -- Equalities and inequalities -- Equalities and inequalities: Three systems -- Egalitarian societies -- Ranked societies -- Stratified societies -- Castes in traditional India -- Classes in industrial societies: The United States -- Maintaining inequality -- Ideologies -- American secular ideologies -- Theories of inequality -- Functionalist theory -- Conflict theory -- Who benefits? -- Concept review systems of equality and inequality -- Global challenges and opportunities globalization and inequality in China -- Summary -- 14. Religion and worldview -- Defining religion -- Beliefs about supernatural powers -- Myths and worldviews -- Rituals and symbols -- Theories of religion -- Intellectual/cognitive approaches -- Psychological approaches -- Sociological approaches -- Supernatural explanations of misfortune -- Sorcery -- Witchcraft -- Interpretations of sorcery and witchcraft -- Varieties of religious organization -- Individualistic organizations -- Shamanistic organizations -- Communal organizations -- Ecclesiastical organizations -- Revitalization movements -- Melanesian cargo cults -- Native American movements -- Fate of revitalization movements -- Concept review varieties of religious organization -- Global challenges and opportunities religious diversity in the United States -- Summary -- 15. Art and the aesthetic -- The pervasiveness of art -- Forms of artistic expression -- Body arts -- Visual arts -- Performance arts -- Concept review forms of artistic expression -- Art and culture -- Secular and religious art -- Art and gender -- Social functions of art -- Global challenges and opportunities the market economy and traditional visual arts -- Summary -- pt. IV Anthropology in the global community -- 16. Ethnicity and ethnic conflict -- Ethnic groups.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Keywords: Ethnology; Anthropology -- Philosophy