00000ctmaa22000004a 4500 UP-99796217610456432 Buklod 20120824090712.0 m |o d | ta 120824s2007 xx d r |||| u| (iLib)UPD-00191503725 DML eng DMLUC LG 996 2007 E7 M37 Mascuñana, Evelyn F. Politeness and Cebuano directives a linguistic and socio-cultural study by Evelyn Fuentes Mascuñana. 2007. xv, 304 leaves "May 2007". Dissertation (Ph.D. English Studies : Language)--University of the Philippines, Diliman. Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Theoretical framework -- Chapter 3. The relativity of politeness phenomena : a review of literature -- Chapter 4. Politeness strategies in Cebuano directives -- Chapter 5. Reinterpreting B&L in the context of politeness cultural norms and values of Cebuanos -- Chapter 6. Summary, conclusion, and recommendations -- Appendixes. This study addresses the issue of universality of pragmatic theory specifically Brown and Levinson's politeness theory with "face" (derived from Goffman (1967)) as its central underlying concept; hence, their Face-saving view of linguistic politeness theory. Brown and Levinson claim that their theory has universal applicability, i.e. their theory applies cross-culturally. However, current sociolinguistic research (cf. Kasper (1990, 1997)), ethnographic studies (e.g. Keenan and Ochs (1976), (1979), Rosaldo (1982), and Hymes (1986)) show that linguistic politeness vary cross-culturally. Also, studies in social psychology (e.g. Triandis (1995), Markus and Kitayama (1991)) reveal that construal of the self or personhood underlying the concept of face is emically constructed. Wierzbicka (1985) notes an "Anglo-Saxon bias" in Brown and Levinson's theory (146). This study applied the Brown and Levinson theory on Cebuano, an important Philippine lingua franca, with selected short stories from a popular magazine as corpus and the speech acts of directives as units of analysis. The study discovered some convergence but also deviations from the Brown and Levinson model. It discovered a link between socio-cultural phenomena and linguistic practices, i.e. a link between the Cebuano bilateral kinship and the linguistic enactment of politeness in directives. The deviations appear to stem primarily from the meaning Brown and Levinson attached to "face." To Goffman, the public element is intrinsic in the construal of "face"; to Brown and Levinson, the individual appears to be of crucial importance (Fraser 1990:239). Consequently, there seems to be some differences in the assignment of meanings to contextual variables that influence the choice of politeness strategies -- by Brown and Levinson from an individualist western perspective and by the Cebuano from a collectivist Asian perspective (cf. Triandis (1995)). Moreover, the construal of the self (Markus and Kitayama (1991)) with which the concept of "face' is closely related is emically constructed; thus, universal conceptualizations of face presupposing identical notions of self across cultures would not be valid (Kasper 3208). This study hypothesizes that certain Cebuano cultural norms and values foster its construal of the self that underpin the linguistic enactment of politeness in directives. This study proposes that any theory of linguistic politeness to have cross-cultural applicability must take into consideration the public and the individual aspects of "face" and the socio-cultural norms and values that underlie the politeness codes of the culture being studied. Cebuano language Social aspects. Politeness (Linguistics) Philippines. Cebuano language Honorific. FI UP Thesis UPD DARCHIVES LG 996 2007 E7 M37 Thesis