TY  - JOUR
T1  - Electronic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying.
JF  - IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications
A1  - Brassil, J.T
LA  - English
UL  - https://tuklas.up.edu.ph/Record/UP-99796217609332621
AB  - Modern computer networks make it possible to distribute documents quickly and economically by electronic means rather than by conventional paper means. However, the widespread adoption of electronic distribution of copyrighted material is currently impeded by the ease of unauthorized copying and dissemination. In this paper we propose techniques that discourage unauthorized distribution by embedding each document with a unique codeword. Our encoding techniques are indiscernible by readers, yet enable us to identify the sanctioned recipient of a document by examination of a recovered document. We propose three coding methods, describe one in detail, and present experimental results showing that our identification techniques are highly reliable, even after documents have been photocopied
KW  - Codeword.
KW  - Coding methods.
KW  - Computer networks.
KW  - Copyrighted material.
KW  - Document copying.
KW  - Electronic distribution.
KW  - Electronic identification techniques.
KW  - Electronic marking techniques.
KW  - Encoding techniques.
KW  - Experimental results.
KW  - Photocopied documents.
KW  - Recovered document.
KW  - Unauthorized copying.
KW  - Unauthorized dissemination.
ER  -