Spencer, D. D. (1981). Introduction to information processing (3rd ed.). C.E. Merrill.
शिकागो शैली (17वां संस्करण) प्रशस्ति पत्रSpencer, Donald D. Introduction to Information Processing. 3rd ed. Columbus, Ohio: C.E. Merrill, 1981.
एमएलए (9वां संस्करण) प्रशस्ति पत्रSpencer, Donald D. Introduction to Information Processing. 3rd ed. C.E. Merrill, 1981.
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