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   <subfield code="a">Concepcion, Camille B.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">A survey of macroinvertebrates as biological indicators in Lipadas River, Davao City</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">Camille B. Concepcion.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Thesis (BS Biology) -- University of the Philippines Mindanao, 2003</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">This study surveyed and identified benthic macroinvertebrates as potential indicators of the state of health of the Lipadas River, one of the two rivers of the Talomo-Lipadas watershed of Davao City. The macroinvertebrates were used for scoring the health of the river employing the Benthic Index of Biological Integrity (B-IBI). These sites were selected, namely: the headwater, Barangay Saro, the mid-river, Barangay Alambre, and the mouth, Barangay Sirawan. Samples from the Guiangga and Alambre were collected by kick sampling method with a D-frame net. Samples from Sirawan were taken using borers. The macroinvertebrates established as effective indicators are mayfly, caddisfly, blackfly and adult riffle beetle. The B-IBI rating for Saro was generally poor, commonly poor for the Alambre, Sirawan rated very poor and had months when no organisms were collected, indicating its degradation. A protocol, simplified from the B-IBI, was developed by the People Collaborating for Environmental and Economic Management (PCEEM). The protocol was pre-tested in Alambre in December and the rating of fair was obtained which is similar to the rating attained through B-IBI. The protocol was also applied to the January to November data of Saro and Alambre and has generally given the same rating as that of the B-IBI</subfield>
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