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  <datafield tag="245" ind1="0" ind2="0">
   <subfield code="a">Three-step Approach to Edge Detection of Texts.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">pp. 193-211</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">We proposed a three-step image segmentation approach to determine the edges of images containing old texts. In general, texts from old books and articles tend to be very noisy. Thus, we first employed a suitable denoising method to obtain a smooth approximation I_s of a given image I ̃. Then, the fuzzy edge map E ̃ was obtained using the gradient of I_s. This gradient map gave an estimate of the edges of the texts. For the second step, the method of k-means++ with two clusters was employed to separate the edges from rest of the image. Because a smooth approximation of the image was used, the edges obtained are &quot;thick.&quot; And so, in the last step of the our method, the binary image generated from the previous step was post-processed using a thinning algorithm. We implemented our method to images containing Baybayin texts from the National Museum of the Philippines.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Science</subfield>
   <subfield code="x">Periodicals.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Edge detection.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Image denoising.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Method of k-means ++.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Thinning algorithm.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Recio, K. R.</subfield>
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  <datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2=" ">
   <subfield code="a">Philippine Journal of Science.</subfield>
   <subfield code="g">vol. 148, 1 (Mar) 2019.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Analytics</subfield>
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