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   <subfield code="a">Martinez, Edna Marcil Morato</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">The symphony orchestra in the Philippines: </subfield>
   <subfield code="b">a cultural outline (1896-1986)</subfield>
   <subfield code="c">Edna Marcil Morato Martinez; Ricardo Trota Jose, adviser.</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Quezon City</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy in Philippine Studies)--University of the Philippines Diliman</subfield>
   <subfield code="d">July 2023</subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">F – no patentable invention or creation, not for personal publication and no confidential information. </subfield>
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   <subfield code="a">This paper is a study on the culture of the Philippine sy1nphony orchestra as it developed in Manila between 1896-1986, focusing on selected orchestral organizations from the post WWll and later periods. Interest of the study cover questions such as - how do these groups serve in the greater society? Have these organizations developed practices and relationships from the membership that are unique in their social setting? Why are individuals attracted to become part of these organizations? Why do groups continue to invest in these musical organizations in spite of difficulties in maintaining such organizations?&#13;
&#13;
This paper delved into the orchestra and how it has developed in the Philippines and attempted to uncover its 1neaning in Philippine social life, culture and tradition. The study looked into the orchestra culture as it developed in Manila in the late nineteenth until the twentieth century, specifically the years between 1896 - 1986; which is considered the peak of orchestra music organization and performance in the country. 1896 is the year that the Molina Orchestra was identified as the first non-church orchestra that intentionally promoted the study and propagation of orchestra music in Manila. The years following are of great historical significance to the Philippines and Manila in particular, as Filipinos experienced winds of change from foreign invasion, rule and governance.&#13;
&#13;
Included in the paper are case studies of Philippine orchestras which are intended to describe the unique facets of each orchestra's culture in detail, as seen through their organizational structure, program designs and curation, shared orchestra experiences, common music education backgrounds, among other things.&#13;
&#13;
The paper ends in the Marcos era and the years immediately following that brought about the historic and phenomenal EDSA Revolution of 1986. Throughout all these historical events, the Philippine orchestra was always part of the social scene.&#13;
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   <subfield code="a">Symphony Orchestra</subfield>
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