00000cab a22000003a 4500 UP-1685675941123976210 Buklod 20231008011924.0 a r |||| u| ta 210531s xx d | ||r ||||| || UPVTC eng Ay-ad, Philip Vergel author. Escuela Náutica de Manila scientific education in the Spanish Philippines Philip Vergel Ay-ad and Filomeno V. Aguilar, Jr. pp.109-144. "Science education in the nineteenth century Philippines has been portrayed as high deficient, yet pockets of respectable scientific education existed. The Escuela Náutica de Manila, which opened in 1820, offered such an education. This article narrates its establishlishment and discusses its changing curricular offerings in relation to empire-wide initiatives and constraints internal to the Philippines. Its quality of scientific education can be glimplsed from reports related to three episodes: the earthquake in 1863, the planned closure of the school in the late 1880s; and the advent of American colonial rule in the early 1900s. This school survives as the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy." Nautical education. Ship pilots. Spanish colonialism. Aguilar, Filomeno V., Jr. author. Philippine studies : historical and ethnographic viewpoints 69, 1 (March 2021). Fl UPTAC UPTAC Article