00000cab a22000003a 4500 UP-1685675941123975635 Buklod 20231008011921.0 a r |||| u| ta 200217s xx d | ||r ||||| || UPVTC eng Okada, Taihei author Underside of independence politics Filipino reactions to anti-Filipino riots in the United States Taihei Okada. Quezon City Ateneo de Manila University 2012. pp. 307-335 illustrations. "This article reexamines the historical implications of Philippine independence politics in the first half of the the 1930s. It looks into the reactions of Filipino elites toward the grave plight of Filipino migrants in the United States and the anti-Filipino riots there. Exclusion measures intended to bar the entry of Filipino migrants to the United States made it virtually impossible for Filipino elites to discuss these issues and confront American racism in their formal negotiations with the Americans. The absence of such confrontation left the benevolence of US colonialism unchallenged, even as the Philippines took a step closes to political independence." Internal migration Philippines. Racism American. Independence politics. Filipino elite. Philippine studies : historical and ethnographic viewpoints 60, 3 (September 2012). FI UPTAC UPTAC Article