Elementary statistics a brief version - Bluman, Allan G. (Quezon City C & E Publishing, Inc., 2008)
Preface -- 1. The nature of probability and statistics -- 1-1. Introduction -- 1-2. Descriptive and inferential statistics -- 1-3. Variables and types of data -- 1-4. Data collection and sampling techniques -- Random sampling -- Systematic sampling -- Stratified sampling -- Cluster sampling -- Other sampling methods -- 1-5. Observational and experimental studies -- 1-6. Uses and misuses of statistics -- Suspect samples -- Ambiguous averages -- Changing the subject -- Detached statistics -- Implied connections -- Misleading graphs -- Faulty survey questions -- 1-7. Computers and calculators -- 1-8. Summary -- 2. Frequency distributions and graphs -- 2-1. Introduction -- 2-2. Organizing data -- Categorical frequency distributions -- Grouped frequency distributions -- 2-3. Histograms, frequency polygons, and ogives -- The histogram -- The frequency polygon -- The ogive -- Relative frequency graphs -- Distribution shapes -- 2-4. Other types of graphs -- Pareto charts -- The time series graph -- The pie graph -- Misleading graphs -- Stem and leaf plots -- 2-5. Paired data and scatter plots -- Analyzing the scatter plot -- 2-6. Summary -- 3. Data description -- 3-1. Introduction -- 3-2. Measures of central tendency -- The mean -- The median -- The mode -- The midrange -- The weighted mean -- Distribution shapes -- 3-3. Measures of variation -- Range -- Population variance and standard deviation -- Sample variance and standard deviation -- Variance and standard deviation for grouped data -- Coefficient of variation -- Chebyshev's theorem -- The empirical (normal) rule -- 3-4. Measures of position -- Standard scores -- Percentiles -- Quartiles and deciles -- Outliers -- 3-5. Exploratory data analysis -- The five-number summary and boxplots -- 3-6. Summary -- 4. Probability and counting rules -- 4-1. Introduction -- 4-2. Sample spaces and probability -- Basic concepts -- Classical probability -- Complementary events -- Empirical probability -- Law of large numbers -- Subjective probability -- Probability and risk taking -- 4-3. The addition rules for probability -- 4-4. The multiplication rules and conditional probability -- The multiplication rules -- Conditional probability -- Probabilities for "at least" -- 4-5. Counting rules -- The fundamental counting rule -- Factorial notation -- Permutations -- Combinations -- 4-6. Probability and counting rules -- 4-7. Summary -- 5. Discrete probability distributions -- 5-1. Introduction -- 5-2. Probability distributions -- 5-3. Mean, variance, standard deviation, and expectation -- Mean -- Variance and standard deviation -- Expectation -- 5-4. The binomial distribution -- 5-5. Summary -- 6. The normal distribution -- 6-1. Introduction -- 6-2. Properties of the normal distribution -- 6-3. The standard normal distribution -- Finding areas under the standard normal distribution curve -- The normal distribution curve as a probability distribution curve -- 6-4. Applications of the normal distribution -- Finding data values given specific probabilities -- Determining normality -- 6-5. The central limit theorem -- Distribution of sample means -- Finite population correction factor (optional) -- 6-6. The normal approximation to the binomial distribution -- 6-7. Summary -- 7. Confidence intervals and sample size -- 7-1. Introduction -- 7-2. Confidence intervals for the mean ([population standard deviation] known or n> ̲30) and sample size -- Confidence intervals -- Sample size -- 7-3. Confidence intervals for the mean ([population standard deviation] unknown and n <30) -- 7-4. Confidence intervals and sample size for proportions -- Confidence intervals -- Sample size for proportions -- 7-5. Confidence intervals for variances and standard deviations -- 7-6. Summary -- 8. Hypothesis testing -- 8-1. Introduction -- 8-2. Steps in hypothesis testing--traditional method -- 8-3. z test for a mean -- p-value method for hypothesis testing -- 8-4. t test for a mean -- 8-5. z test for a proportion -- 8-6. x² test for a variance or standard deviation -- 8-7. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing -- 8-8. Summary -- 9. Testing the difference between two means, two variances, and two proportions -- 9-1. Introduction -- 9-2. Testing the difference between two means : large samples -- 9-3. Testing the difference between two variances -- 9-4. Testing the difference between two means : small independent samples -- 9-5. Testing the difference between two means : small dependent samples -- 9-6. Testing the difference between proportions -- 9-7. Summary -- Hypothesis-testing summary 1 -- 10. Correlation and regression -- 10-1. Introduction -- 10-2. Correlation -- Correlation coefficient -- Correlation and causation -- The significance of the correlation coefficient -- 10-3. Regression -- Line of best fit -- Determination of the regression line equation -- 10-4. Coefficient of determination and standard error of the estimate -- Types of variation for the regression model -- Coefficient of determination -- Standard error of estimate -- Prediction interval -- 10-5. Summary -- 11. Chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA) -- 11-1. Introduction -- 11-2. Test for goodness of fit -- Test of normality (optional) -- 11-3. Tests using contingency tables -- Test for independence -- Test for homogeneity of proportions -- 11-4. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) -- 11-5. Summary -- Hypothesis-testing summary.
A reprint of the same edition published by McGraw-Hill Higher Education, New York.
McGraw-Hill international edition.
Includes bibliographical references (page A47-A48) and index.
Keywords: Statistics -- Textbooks