00000cam a22000003a 4500 UP-1685594773861954748 Buklod 20140425115549.0 g||| | || || ta 140425s2011 xx d r |||| u| 9780123813510 0123813514 (iLib)UPBAG-00013429715 QL 496.4 S56 2011 Schowalter, Timothy Duane 1952- Insect ecology an ecosystem approach Timothy D. Schowalter. 3rd ed. Amsterdam Academic Press 2011. xv, 633 p. ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) 24 cm. Previous ed.: 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. [525]-606) and indexes. g1.|tOverview. --|tScope of Insect Ecology --|tEcosystem ecology --|tEcosysterm complexity --|gThe|thierarchy of subsystems --|tRegulation --|tEnvironmental change and disturbance --tEcosystem approach to Insect Ecology -- |tScope of this book --|gSection I.|tEcology of individual insects:|g2.|tResponses to abiotic conditions. --|gThe |tphysical template--|tBiomes--|tEnvironmental variation --|tDisturbances --|tSurviving variable abiotic conditions --|tThermoregulation --|tWater balance --|tAir and water chemistry --|tOther abiotic factors --|tFactors affecting dispersal behavior --|gA|tlife history strategy -- |tCrowding --|tNutritional status --|tHabitat and resource conditions --|tMechanism of dispersal --|tResponses to anthropogenic changes --|tSummary --|g3.|tResource acquisition. --|tResource quality--|tResource requirements --|tVariation in food quality --|tPlant chemical defenses--|tAnthropod defenses --|tVariation in resource quality --|tMechanisms for exploiting variable resource quality --|tResource acceptability --|tResource availability --|tDiscovering suitable resources --|tOrientation --|tLearning --|gSummary --|g4.|tResource allocation.--|tResource budget --|tAllocation of assimilated resources --|tForaging and dispersal behavior --|tMating behavior --|tReproductive and social behavior --|tCompetitive, defensive and mutualistic behavior --|tEfficiency of resource use --|tFactors affecting efficiency --|tTrade-offs --|tSummary --|gSection II. |tPopulation ecology:|g5.|tPopulation systems. -- Population structure --|tDensity --|tDispersion -- |tMetapopulation structure --|tAge structure --|tSex ratio --|tGenetic composition --|tSocial insects --|tPopulation processes--|tNatality--|tMortality --|tDispersal -- |tLife history characteristics --|tParameter estimation --|tSummary--|g6.|tPopulation dynamics. --|tPopulation fluctuation -- |tFactors affecting population size --|tDensity independent factors --|tDensity dependent factors --|tRegulatory mechanisms --|tModels of population change --|tExponential and geometric models --|tLogistic model --|tComplex models --|tComputerized models --|tModel evaluation --|tSummary --|g7.|tBiogeography. --|tGeographic distribution --|tGlobal patterns --|tRegional patterns --|tIsland biogeography--|tLandscape and stream continuum patterns --|tSpatial dynamics of population --|tExpanding populations --|tMetapopulation dynamics --|tHabitat connectivity --|tAnthropogenic effects on spatial dynamics --|tFragmentation --|tDisturbances to aquaticecosystems--|tAnthropogenic transport across barriers --|tModels of spatial dynamics--|tSummary -- |gSection III.|tCommunity ecology:|g8.|tSpecies interactions. Classes of interactions --|tCompetition --|tPredation --|tSymbiosis --|tFactors affecting interactions --|tAbiotic conditions --|tResource availability and distribution --|tIndirect effects of other species --|tConsequences of interactions --|tPopulation regulation --|tCommunity regulation --|tSummary --|g9.|tCommunity structure. --|tApproaches to describing communities --|tSpecies diversity --|tSpecies interactions --|tFunctional organization --|tPatterns of community structure --|tGlobal patterns --|tBiome and landscape patterns --|tDeterminants of community structure --|tHabitat area and complexity --|tHabitat stability --|tHabitat or resource conditions --|tSpecies interactions --|tSummary --|g10.|tCommunity dynamics. --|tShort-term change in community structure --|tSuccessional change in community structure --|tPatterns of succession --|tFactors affecting succession --|tModels of succession --|tPaleoecology --|tDiversity vs. stability --|tComponents of stability --|tStability of community variables --|tSummary --|gSection IV.|tEcosystem level:|g11.|tEcosystem structure and function. --|tEcosystem structure --|tPhysical structure --|tTrophic structure --|tSpatial variability --|tEnergy flow --|tPrimary productivity --|tSecondary productivity --|tEnergy budgets --|tBiogeochemical cycling --|tAbiotic and biotic pools --|tMajor cycles --|tFactors influencing cycling processes --|tClimate modification --|tEcosystem modeling --|tSummary --g12.|tHerbivory. --|tTypes and patterns of herbivory --|tHerbivore functional groups --|tMeasurement of herbivory --|tSpatial and temporal patterns of herbivory --|tEffects of herbivory --|tPlant productivity, survival and growth form --|tCommunity dynamics --|tWater and nutrient fluxes --|tEffects on climate and disturbance regime --|tSummary -- 13.|tPollination, seed predation and seed dispersal. --|tTypes and patterns of seed dispersal --|tPollinator functional groups --|tMeasurement of pollination --|tSpatial and temporal patterns of pollination --|tEffects of pollination --|tTypes and patterns of seed predation and dispersal --|tSeed predator and disperser functional groups --|tMeasurement of seed predation and dispersal --|tSpatial and temporal patterns of seed predation and dispersal --|tEffects of seed predation and dispersal --|tSummary --|g14.|tDecompostion and Pedogenesis. --|tTypes and patterns of detritivory and burrowing --|tDetritivore and burrower functional groups --|tMeasurements of detritivory, burrowing and decomposition rates --|tSpatial and temporal patterns in processing of detritus and soil --|tEffects of detritivory and burrowing --|tDecompostion and mineralization --|tSoil structure, fertility and infiltration --|tPrimary production and vegetation dynamics --|tSummary --|t15. Insects as regulators of ecosystem processes. --|tDevelopment of the concept --|tEcosystems as cybernetic systems --|tProperties of cybernetic systems --|tEcosystem of homeostasis --|tDefinition of stability --|tRegulation of NPP by biodiversity --|tRegulation of NPP by insects --|tSummary --|gSection V.|tApplications and synthesis:|g16.|tApplications. --|tEcosystem services --|tProvisioning services --|tCultural services --|tSupporting services --|tRegulating services --|tValuation of ecosystem services --|tIntegrating pest management --|tDevelopment of the IPM Concept --|tEcological tactics for managing crop and forest "pests"--|tEcological tactics for managing medical and veterinary "pests" --|tEcological tactics for managing urban "pests" --|tConservation/restoration ecology -- |tInvasive species --|tIndicators of environmental conditions --|tSummary --|g17.|tSummary and sythesis. --|tSummary --|tSynthesis --|tCritical issues --|tConclusions. Insects Ecology Textbooks. UPBAG UPBAG-MAIN QL 496.4 S56 2011 Book