00000cam a22000003i 4500 UP-1685594773861559735 Buklod 20080423161546.0 j|||||||||||||| | ta 080423s1996 xx d r |||| u| 9719149426 (iLib)UPBAG-00002520011 BC-34118 P575.00 oc BAG rda eng DS 688 B25 H52 Hidalgo, Cesar A. The making of the Ivatans the cultural history of Batanes Cesar A. Hidalgo. Pasig, Metro Manila Cognita TRC [1996] xiv, 424 pages illustrations 23 cm Prt 1.The ancient Ivatans-their homeland and worldview (thesis) -- Chapter 1. How ancient is the Ivatan homeland? How about the Ivatans themselves? -- The homeland of the Ivatans -- The genesis of the Batanes islands: the land bridges, the basic land structure and volcanoes -- The Batanes island group and their location -- How ancient are the Ivatans? -- The Ivatan code: language or dialect? -- Relationship with other languages -- Time-depth -- Dialects of the Ivatan language -- The people and human settlement -- Physical features and general appearance -- Early population estimates -- Human settlement -- Chapter 2. How distinctive was the original lifestyle of the Ivatans and their worldview? -- The Ivatan perception of time and space -- The concept of time -- Time vantage points -- A working day: an activity-oriented perception -- The seasons and activities -- Time continuum -- Time aspect -- The concept of space -- The locative and demonstrative pronouns and locative affix -- Location direction: the winds and the tides -- Some locative concepts and immortality -- Livelihood style -- Milking the land -- Root crop culture -- Animals and fowls -- Vegetables and fruit trees -- Milking the sea -- Fishing -- Other ways of harvesting the wealth of the sea -- The arts of the early Ivatans -- Jewelry and adornment -- The boat culture: types, trading and boat building -- Types -- Trading with their neighbors -- Boat building -- Bashee/Palek culture and Palek-making -- Literature -- Chapter 3.The Ivatan world of spirits and their society -- The spirit world and beliefs -- The Anyitus: who were they and which one ruled the Ivatans? -- The Mapaytau, the supreme God and other spirits -- Jar burial and the boat-shaped grave markers -- The Anyitus and the socio-political system -- The family and larger cooperative institutions -- Custom laws and traditions -- Capital offenses -- Social norms and other practices -- The Idjang, a fortress and an enigma -- Part 2. Foreign incursions on the indigenous culture and the acculturation process (antithesis) -- Chapter 4.The Spanish period influences on Ivatan culture: June 26,1783 to September 17, 1898 -- The goals of Spain in Batanes -- Encounter and Ivatan reaction -- The sisteen-year rule of the governor -- Pacific state, an aggressive church, Gov. Huelva's time (1783-1785) -- An aggressive church and a confrontational state: Gov. de Amo's time (1785-1789) Church and state confront Sabtang uprising and other problems: Gov. de Castillo's time (1789-1794) -- Relative peace and new challenges: Gov. Zendrecha's (1795-1798) and Gov. Casamara's times (1798-1799) -- The seventy-one year rule of the Alcaldes(1799-1870) -- The state under the Alcaldes (1799-1870) -- The church under the Alcaldes (1799-1870) -- The return of the governors (1871-1898) -- The church and the state concerns in the closing years -- At the end of the Spaniards regime: Gov. Fortea (1894-1898) -- Chapter 5. A brief taste of freedom , again (September 18, 1898 to February 1900) -- The battle for freedom -- Batanes, a province of the first Philippine republic -- The challenge from within -- Chapter 5.The nature and degree of the hispanizations of the Ivatans -- The nature of the hispanization process -- Two cultures running parallel to each other -- Three processes in the hispanization of the Ivatans -- The areas and degree of acculturation -- Religion, from Dogma to rites and rituals -- Government, authority, organization, institution and territorial unity -- Reduction (the Plaza Complex), human settlement and houses -- Education, curriculum, teachers, language and buildings -- Health and sanitation -- Philosophy:worldview -- Chapter 7.The American period influences (February 1900 t July 4, 1946) -- The situation in the Philippines at the eve of the American regime -- Pacification period and paradigm shift:1900-1908 -- Batanes and the Philippine assembly: 1908-1934 -- The Philippine commonwealth and the Ivatans:1935-1946 -- Chapter 8. An odious interregnum: the Japanese invasion and occupation: 1941-1945 -- The Japanese imperial army invades Batanes -- The Ivatans stand and fight -- The organization of the BISUMI fighters, hunters ROTC guerillas -- Sabotaging the enemy -- Confronting the enemy -- The roll of honor -- In retrospect -- Incarceration and executions -- The decision to attack the Japanese garrison in Sabtang and Valones escape -- Cabal and his crew in Luzon -- Tajima's fate and Cabal's return to Batanes -- The recognition issue of the BISUMI fighters -- Honoring the BISUMI fighters, hunters ROTC guerillas -- Chapter 9. Emancipation and the nature and degree of the Americanization of the Ivatans -- At the eve of the emancipation -- Revenge and the devastation of war -- Peace and order, political and economic situation -- The nature and degree of the Americanization of the Ivatans -- Paradigm shifts -- Education: philosophy and educational structure and practices -- Democracy: a new philosophy of governance and leadership selection -- Health and sanitation -- Freedom of religion and separation of church and state -- Communication, trade, free enterprise -- Infrastructure development and public services -- Philosophy : revised Ivatan outlook of life -- The Ivatans today (synthesis) -- Chapter 10. Self-rule and the Ivatans: 1946-1987 -- The background of Ivatan self-rule after emancipation on July 4, 1946 -- Picking up from the ruins of the war -- The turbulent years -- Chapter 11.The renaissance on Ivatan leadership and achievement: 1988-present -- Taking the bull by the horns -- Historic presidential visit to Batanes; Governor's visit to Taiwan -- Ivatan children bring honor to Batanes -- The leadership addresses its objectives -- The vision and mission -- Analyzing the vision and mission -- Presidential and Vice-presidential visit -- The Provincial government carries on -- Congressional legislation -- Achievements: 1988-1995 -- The religious in Batanes: 1988-1996 -- The U.S. peace corps in Batanes -- Human resources development individually pursued -- Higher education and the Ivatans -- Reaching for the frontier of knowledge -- Book publications and completed research on Batanes -- Chapter 12.The synthesis: revised worldview -- Basic data on the Ivatans today -- The revised belief system -- The revised political philosophy and practice -- The revised philosophy and practice of education -- The revised perception of public service -- The revised system of housing and human settlement -- The revised concept of business, commerce and transportation -- The new perception of communication and mass media -- Epilogue -- Appendix A: politics -- Appendix B-education -- Bibliography. Ivatans. Batanes Civilization. Batanes History. Check table of contents here https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ReY4pQ1IOKTKYli7xmtSCcvIMWvJCnzS/view?usp=share_link Request full-text access of NEEDED chapter/pages here https://forms.gle/KZjBv7aRtY6jiL5E9 FI UPBAG UPBAG-MAIN DS 688 B25 H52 Book