00000cab a22000004cb4500 IPP-00000139441 IPP 20160205095105.0 160205s2008 xx d | ||r |||||eng|| eng Fresnoza-Flot, Asuncion Labor migration and minority group empowerment The Nikkeijin in Davao and their association Labor migration and minority group empowerment 2008 article After World War II, Filipino Nikkeijin suffered social and economic difficulties. As a result, they tried to conceal their Japanese origin to escape reproaches and teasing. Their shared experience of social discrimination mobilized them into associations that helped them to socially empower themselves. To explore the process of their empowerment, the present study examines the case of Davao Nikkeijin and their association, Philippine Nikkeijin Kai Inc. (PNJK). Looking at the different dimensions of empowerment, it shows how this association has helped some Nikkeijin acquire Japanese nationality and/or migrate to Japan to work there. Nowadays, Nikkeijin have good socio-economic status in the Philippines and are not a marginalized minority group anymore. Migrant labor Japanese diaspora Philippine Nikkeijin Kai Inc. Asian Studies Vol. v. 44, no. no. 1 (2008), page 66- 102 UPD DAC Article FI