00000cab a22000004cb4500 IPP-00000109541 IPP 20170822162642.0 170822s2015 xx d | ||r |||||eng|| eng Clemente, Tina S. Connections, contracts and sanctions informal commercial contracting among Chinese in Metro Manila Connections, contracts and sanctions 2015 article Do Chinese merchants in contemporary Philippines still practice personalistic engagement in business? As a primarily descriptive study, we focus on the Chinese in Metro Manila and look at features of informal contracting as premised in personalistic ties among Chinese involved in business. Operationalizing a qualitative investigation, we utilize survey research as well as in-depth key-informant interviews and attempt to explore informal contracting through the nuances that include the types of business connections, reasons for engaging in informal contracts, use and dominance of contract types, factors that deter contract violations and sanctions against connections who violate informal agreements. Filipino-Chinese culture Chinese Philippines Lagman, Marco Stefan B. Asian Studies Vol. v. 51, no. no. 1 (2015), 1-36 UPD DAC Article FI